Duchess Anna Amalia of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel

Anna Amalia of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel (24 October 1739 – 10 April 1807), was a German princess and composer. She became the duchess of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach, by marriage, and was also regent of the states of Saxe-Weimar and Saxe-Eisenach from 1758 to 1775. She transformed her court and its surrounding into the most influential cultural center of Germany.

Family

She was born in Wolfenbüttel, the ninth child of Karl I, Duke of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel and Princess Philippine Charlotte of Prussia. Her maternal grandparents were Frederick William I of Prussia and Sophia Dorothea of Hanover.

Life

Marriage

In Brunswick on 16 March 1756 she married Ernst August II Konstantin, Duke of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach. Ernst August died in 1758 leaving her regent for their infant son, Karl August.

Regency

During Karl August's minority she administered the affairs of the duchy with notable prudence, strengthening its resources and improving its position in spite of the troubles of the Seven Years' War.

As a patron of art and literature she drew many of the most eminent men in Germany to Weimar including Johann Gottfried Herder, Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, and Friedrich Schiller. Amalia von Helvig was also later to be a part of her court. She hired Christoph Martin Wieland, a poet and translator of William Shakespeare, to educate her son. She also established the Duchess Anna Amalia Library, which is now home to some 1,000,000 volumes.

In 1775, with her son having attained his maturity, she retired. She died in Weimar. The duchess was honoured in Goethe's work under the title Zum Andenken der Fürstin Anna-Amalia.

Composition

Anna Amalia was a notable composer. Among her significant works is a symphony for two oboes, two flutes, two violins, and double bass (1765), a tripartite oratorio (1768), a Singspiel called Erwin und Elmire (1776), based on a text by Goethe, and a divertimento for piano, clarinet, viola, and violoncello (around 1780).^[1]

Ancestry

References

Further reading

• F. Bornhak, Anna Amalia, Herzogin von Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach, Berlin, Germany: 1892
• Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie, vol. 1, p. 886-887

External links

• PRNewsWire: Goethe's forbidden love for Anna Amalia
• Death Mask of Ann Amalia Of Brunswick
• Free scores by Duchess Anna Amalia of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel at the International Music Score Library Project

 This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed (1911). Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.